World News
Activation Energy and Catalyst
Chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that deals with the rate of chemical reactions. In the year 1889 Swedish scientist named Svante Arrhenius first used the term Activation Energy. Catalyst is something that enhances or increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in a reaction. Activation energy and catalyst are closely related because the function of the catalyst is to lower down the activation energy so that more particle has enough energy to react. So here we can discuss the topic deeply that helps us to understand more about the concept.
Activation Energy
Activation energy is the minimum energy required to break the bond in a chemical reaction or the minimum energy required to activate the molecule or atom so that it can undergo a chemical reaction.
Representation of Activation energy
Activation Energy can be represented as Ea.
The mathematical expression for the Arrhenius equation is given by,
Where,
k is the rate of a chemical reaction
A is the pre-exponential factor which is a constant depending on chemicals involved
e is the base of a natural logarithm
Ea is the activation energy
R is the universal gas constant
T is the temperature
Catalyst
A catalyst always functions differently that it enhances a chemical reaction but that itself does not undergo a chemical reaction. It provides an alternative pathway for the reaction.
Examples: Platinum, copper and iron act as a catalyst in many of the chemical reactions
In the human body also catalyst plays an important role. Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up biological reactions.
A catalyst functions to
- Increase the rate of a reaction.
- They are not consumed by the reaction
- A small quantity of catalyst should be able to affect the rate of a reaction
- Catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant for the reaction
Types of Catalyst
There are mainly 3 types of catalyst
- Homogenous catalyst
- Heterogenous catalyst
- Biocatalyst
Homogenous catalyst
In the homogeneous catalysis, both the reaction and mixture will be in the same phase. Both catalysts and reactants show high homogeneity and thus increases high reactivity and selectivity.
Examples: Transition metals, organometallic complexes
Heterogenous catalyst
In heterogeneous catalysis the catalyst exists in a different phase than reaction mixture. Heterogenous catalyst is used mainly in the preparation of ammonia in the Haber-Bosch process and also used in the industrial process for the easy separation of product and recovery of catalyst
Biocatalyst
Natural proteins (enzymes) or nucleic acids (RNA or ribozymes and DNAs) used to catalyze specific chemical reactions outside the living cells are called biocatalysis.
Examples: Yeast, Bacteria, fungi, etc
Factors affecting Activation Energy
Nature of the reactants
Activation energy can be low and high according to the reactants in a chemical reaction. If the reactant species is ionic in nature the activation energy (Ea) will be low and there will be an attraction between the reactant species. If the reactant is covalent then (Ea) will be high because it requires a high amount of energy to break the bonds
Effect of temperature
For an effective initiation of a chemical reaction, the reactants must move fast and so they can collide with each other with a minimum force to break the bond. The minimum energy corresponds to the activation energy. As we know the kinetic energy of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature and as the temperature increases molecules gain energy and move faster. Thus higher the temperature, the greater will be the movement of a molecule with the necessary activation energy for a reaction.
Effect of Catalyst
Energy diagram is used to illustrate the effect of a catalyst on the activation energy
Effect of Catalyst
Catalyst decreases the activation energy of the reaction and helps to increase the reaction rate
Examples of Chemical reactions require Activation energy
- The combustion reaction requires activation energy. Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon dioxide and transformed the energy
- Lighting a match which creates friction and turns to heat. The heat thus liberated then produce enough activation energy that allows the chemical on the match to react and ignite the flame
Summary
- Activation energy is the minimum energy required to break the bond in a chemical reaction
- Activation energy and catalyst are closely related because the function of the catalyst is to lower down the activation energy
- Catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction and provides an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
- Catalyst can split into a homogenous, heterogeneous and biological catalyst
- Enzymes are biological catalyst
Sports
Real Madrid vs. Las Palmas live stream: How to watch La Liga live online, TV channel, prediction, odds

Real Madrid host Las Palmas on Wednesday looking to get back to winning ways after a derby loss to bitter rivals Atletico ended a perfect start to the season in La Liga. Carlo Ancleotti’s men host a Canary Island outfit looking to build on their first win of the campaign over Granada. Real had won six games in a row including a UEFA Champions League opener against Union Berlin with Jude Bellingham scoring six times in that run before Diego Simeone’s Atleti triumphed on Sunday at Metropolitano Stadium. Las Palmas are struggling to score but have the tightest defense around, so Los Blancos will need to be sharp in front of goal which they were not against their Madrid rivals.
- Date: Wednesday, September 27 | Time: 1 p.m. ET
- Location: Santiago Bernabeu — Madrid, Spain
- TV/Live stream: ESPN+
- Odds: Real -500; Draw: +550; Las Palmas +1200
Don’t miss CBS Sports Golazo Network’s Morning Footy, now in podcast form! Our crew brings you all the news, views, highlights and laughs you need to follow the Beautiful Game in every corner of the globe, every Monday-Friday all year long.
Team news
Real: Vinicius Junior missed Atleti due to illness and not injury so he could return if he has recovered while Dani Carvajal has missed the last few games injured. Eder Militao, Arda Guler and Thibaut Courtois are longer term absentees so Kepa Arrizabalaga will remain in goal. Bellingham will be expedcted to continue to back up Rodrygo going forward with Luka Modric, Toni Kroos and Federico Valverde likely to start once more despite the Atleti loss.
Potential Real XI: Arrizabalaga; Vazquez, Rudiger, Alaba, Garica; Valverde, Kroos, Camavinga; Modric; Bellingham, Rodrygo.
Las Palmas: Mika Marmol will be absent while Fabio Gonzalez, Alberto Moleiro, Benito Ramirez and Sandro Ramirez are also injured. Saul Coco should come in for Marmol while Munir El Haddadi could be the lone attacking outlet in a possible 4-5-1 approach from Garcia Pimienta’s side.
Potential Las Palmas XI: Valles; Araujo, Suarez, Coco, Cardona; Pejino, Rodriguez, Perrone, Loiodice, Viera; Munir.
Prediction
It might not be easy to break Las Palmas down at first but Real should manage to do so and eventually go on to secure the win. Ancelotti needs a response from his players are the Madrid derby and he should get it. Pick: Real 3, Las Palmas 1.
Business
Virtual Numbers for Small Businesses: Affordable Solutions for Enhanced Communication
Virtual phone numbers have become popular all over the world. They are popular because virtual phone numbers are practical and provide a wide range of benefits. There are several significant variations between a virtual number and a regular number, and there is no direct connection between a virtual number and a telephone.
Small businesses can quickly and affordably enhance their business by using virtual phone numbers. As it helps to maintain a professional image, the majority of small business owners are choosing a virtual number for customer care solutions. Here are the reasons why virtual phone number India can be an affordable solution for small businesses:
Virtual numbers are economical for startups and small companies
What financial savings may your company expect from a virtual phone number? The first thing is that there are no additional tools or equipment are initially required. Second, unlike mobile phone plans, you can pick and choose the functions you need, saving you money on extras your team won’t use.
A virtual number will assist you with customer retention, which will increase income and is the third reason to get a virtual number.
Establish local presence
Most existing and prospective clients prefer to contact a local vendor for their needs. No matter where they are physically located, small businesses can create and maintain a strong local presence by using virtual phone numbers.
Choosing a local virtual call phone number gives businesses the opportunity to add customization. Using a virtual phone number has other benefits, like handling increased call volume because people are more likely to call a nearby company than one located miles away.
Keep personal communication and business separate.
Your personal cell phone number should be kept private if you don’t want others to know it. This is specifically true if you want to publish a phone number for your company online.
With a virtual number, you can manage both your friends and family’s direct cell numbers from the same device. You can do it while also having a separate phone number for your business contacts.
Virtual numbers are more than just a number.
The best thing about virtual Indian number is that they come with more high-tech and sophisticated functions than your regular number. There are many other services that come with virtual phone lines, including call forwarding, sophisticated conference tools, SMS and email notifications, comprehensive customization, etc.
You can also easily get voicemail service in addition to a variety of other helpful features with efficient business solutions.
Maintain a level of privacy.
It is not always easy to communicate with coworkers or business partners using personal phone numbers. But with virtual phone numbers it is easy to be connected to a personal number without compromising privacy.
For lone proprietors who want to operate a business while keeping their home numbers confidential virtual numbers can work incredibly well.
Choosing a virtual phone service: Things to take into account
Getting a virtual phone number is not too difficult. But when getting ready to get one or more for work, there are several important things to consider:
● Free telephone numbers: A virtual phone number is a freebie that some service providers give to subscribers. As part of an upgrade or add-on, you can also get multiple free numbers.
● Use and access: To make sure that business numbers are used properly and by the appropriate persons, it is important to keep track of usage and access. Most services come with extras that let you better track phone line usage and make sure everything works as it should.
● Pricing and overall value for the money: For getting a virtual number, there are several economical choices available. The service that will provide you with the best value for your money is the one you should choose. While a free service might be adequate for a very small business, a larger corporation would need to look around for options that offer the best integrations.
Final thoughts
Small businesses benefit from using virtual phone numbers as they enable them to reduce unnecessary costs and improve overall performance. The virtual mobile number India also offers a lot of sophisticated and advanced features to small businesses. So, consider getting a virtual phone number for your company if you want to improve effectiveness and make it simpler for customers to contact you.
How to
Film Production Services and their Future
Film production services play a pivotal role in bringing captivating stories to life on the silver screen. With their expertise, film production companies provide a comprehensive range of services, ensuring the seamless execution of every aspect of filmmaking. In this article, we will delve into the world of film production services, exploring what they entail and shedding light on how to choose the right production company. Additionally, we will examine the future of film production services, considering the advancements that technology and changing audience preferences are bringing to the industry. Also, if you are searching for film production services in India from one of the trusted film production companies, you can refer to the concluding part of the article.
Content of the article
- What are film production services?
- What do film production companies do?
- How to choose a film production company?
- The future of film production services
- Concluding remarks – Finding the best film production services in India
What Are Film Production Services?
Film production services encompass a wide array of activities involved in the creation of a film. From pre-production to post-production, these services cover every stage of the filmmaking process. In pre-production, film production companies assist with script development, casting, location scouting, and budgeting. During production, they oversee aspects such as cinematography, directing, art direction, and sound recording. In post-production, these services involve editing, visual effects, sound design, and distribution.
What Do Film Production Companies Do?
Film production companies serve as the driving force behind the realisation of a film project. They bring together a team of professionals, including producers, directors, cinematographers, editors, and production designers, who collectively contribute their expertise to ensure the film’s success. These companies take charge of budgeting, securing funding, coordinating logistics, managing schedules, and overseeing the entire production process. Additionally, they liaise with talent agents, negotiate contracts, and provide legal and administrative support.
How to Choose a Film Production Company?
Selecting the right film production company is crucial for the success of your project. Here are some key factors to consider when making this decision:
a) Portfolio and Expertise: Assess the company’s portfolio and past projects to gauge their level of expertise and the quality of their work. Look for companies that have experience in producing films similar to your project’s genre or style.
b) Reputation and Track Record: Research the reputation and track record of the production company. Read reviews, seek recommendations, and evaluate their success in delivering projects within deadlines and budgets.
c) Creative Collaboration: Communication and collaboration are essential in the film production process. Choose a company that aligns with your creative vision, values your input, and encourages a collaborative working environment.
d) Resources and Network: Consider the company’s resources, including equipment, facilities, and industry connections. A production company with an extensive network can help in securing financing, accessing talented professionals, and finding suitable shooting locations.
e) Budget and Cost: Understand the company’s pricing structure and ensure it aligns with your budget. A transparent and detailed breakdown of costs will help you make an informed decision.
The Future of Film Production Services
The future of film production services is influenced by several factors that are transforming the industry:
a) Technological Advancements: Rapid advancements in technology are revolutionising the film production landscape. Innovations such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and high-quality digital cameras are reshaping the way films are made, enabling filmmakers to explore new creative possibilities and streamline production processes.
b) Diverse Storytelling: Film production services are witnessing a growing demand for diverse stories and representation. As audiences seek authentic and inclusive narratives, production companies are embracing a wider range of perspectives and cultural experiences.
c) Streaming Platforms: The rise of streaming platforms has created new opportunities for film production companies. With platforms like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+, there is an increased demand for original content, leading to a surge in film production services catering specifically to these platforms.
d) Sustainability and Social Responsibility: The film industry is increasingly recognizing the importance of sustainability and social responsibility. Production companies are adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing waste, and promoting inclusivity behind the camera.
Concluding remarks – Finding the best film production services in India
Film production services are the backbone of the filmmaking process, bringing together creativity, technical expertise, and logistical support to transform ideas into captivating visual stories.
Choosing the right production company is crucial to ensuring the success of a film project. As the industry evolves, film production services are poised to embrace new technologies, diverse storytelling, streaming platforms, and sustainable practices. By embracing these changes, production companies will continue to captivate audiences and deliver awe-inspiring cinematic experiences for years. If you are searching for film production companies, then you can visit this website. They are a leading provider of world-class film production services in India.
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