Tag Archives: Emmys 2024

‘We’re Here’ Show Helps Normalize Drag, Queer and Trans Communities

Since its inception, Max’s We’re Right here has had a daring premise: Three real-life drag queens sashay out onto the streets throughout small-town America to educate extraordinary folks to carry out in drag onstage, and hopefully foster some enlightenment and group alongside the best way. For season 4, the sequence underwent an entire overhaul, seeing the departure of the previous trinity of Drag Race alums — Bob the Drag Queen, Shangela and Eureka O’Hara — for the contemporary new faces of Jaida Essence Corridor, Sasha Velour, Priyanka and Latrice Royale. The Hollywood Reporter caught up with the queenly quartet about their respective journeys on the present and the significance of visibly current as queer folks in conservative cities.

What was your relationship to the present getting into filming?

SASHA VELOUR I instantly related with the present, the drag performances that I’d see clips of. That’s what I’m obsessive about, drag numbers that trace at your private story however flip it into this work of leisure that may convey folks shut and hopefully change hearts and minds. I noticed some performances on the present that regarded like my fashion, with projections and sure sorts of reveals, so I felt prefer it was beckoning to me. After which it was Bob the Drag Queen who known as me up final yr and was like, “Would you wish to do We’re Right here? As a result of I already gave them your title.”

PRIYANKA I like an excellent cry. I watch folks win contests on YouTube simply to really feel some pleasure in my life — like, Oprah giving [someone] a automobile — and sobbing, so We’re Right here positively gave me that feeling of, “We are able to all make it, we are able to all really feel good,” which is what I like in regards to the present. By way of the drag group, it simply felt like a coveted spot. There are solely three different queens who’ve carried out this job. It was thrilling, such an honor.

LATRICE ROYALE I felt like this was simply an extension of what I do. I’m all the time making an attempt to inspire folks to be their genuine selves and discover the enjoyment and love inside themselves, and to not look ahead to others to validate them, and simply be comfortable.

What’s your motivation to come back on this present, which is such a distinct, extra fish-out-of-water expertise than one thing like Drag Race?

PRIYANKA I truly went in pondering that altering minds was the aim. I assumed it was like, “I need [homophobes and transphobes] to know that what they’re doing is mistaken. And that trans individuals are actual folks, and that drag is gorgeous.” However studying from Jaida, Latrice and Sasha, how they dealt with conversations, I spotted, “Oh, wait, simply being right here, in full drag, is sufficient to give me the power to point out individuals who we’re.” So, though I got here in with a aim to be just a little spicy, it didn’t find yourself being that approach. It ended up being extra simply having conversations with folks, to coach them about us. There’s plenty of anger, however what we now have seen is that with our presence, they’re not large modifications, however there’s been some actually small modifications locally. The impression of simply being there, it’s superb.

JAIDA ESSENCE HALL I’ve carried out Drag Race twice now. The refreshing factor that [made me] enthusiastic about doing We’re Right here was particularly that it was a setting that was not aggressive with my sisters, and as an alternative of feeling like we’re every on particular person groups, the place folks may root for us, we’re truly one unit, one staff, taking part in for a similar aim. We’re right here to assist one another. I do know that my sisters have my again. I felt like us being in drag on the earth was virtually like being investigative journalists in these cities, making an attempt to determine precisely what the story was and the way we may also help the communities.

VELOUR It’s this humorous factor, as a result of the present units it up typically that we’re actually surprising presences in these cities. And I really feel like our united mission, the 4 of us, was actually getting folks to see that we aren’t surprising. That’s very radical, in itself, to say: Truly, drag is completely regular. There are tons of us, that is nothing new, queer and trans individuals are already in your group and have existed endlessly. That was all the time the mission; the message we have been saying, is: “We’re pure, we’re regular. We’re right here.”

Did your relationships with each other change considerably on account of doing this present collectively?

PRIYANKA It was fascinating, what I assumed I knew of the three of them has utterly flipped over and altered. While you watch a present like Drag Race, the place all of us got here from, you just about solely know the humorous, “Look over there,” Jaida’s [line] or Sasha’s large reveals — these very top-layered variations of those folks. You get to know us in not a jester, getting-ready-in-the-work-room approach. It’s actual. I’m excited for followers to see that as a result of we have been all the time encouraging all people within the small cities of their group, so that they really feel secure. However between one another, we discovered this group [too]. 

VELOUR We did plenty of collaboration in essentially the most constructive approach potential. There was a smaller group placing collectively the drag this season. I feel that empowered us to do it the best way we all know how, to essentially use some drag methods, to get collectively at midnight and give you choreography within the resort convention room, serving to one another’s daughters [mentees] get into drag, and by necessity, these issues truly don’t occur on digital camera. It’s actually us determining learn how to do it, having conferences, having a smoke break collectively.

What have been a number of the most anxiety-inducing elements of filming?

ROYALE Actually, the one nervousness and concern I had was going into the church [to speak with a prejudiced religious woman]. That was my solely time I felt some sort of approach. It was an emotional expertise. However I felt like I grew via it. And so far as going into the trenches, there was no concern. There have been no nerves. I needed to listen to them out. But additionally I needed to be heard, and there was by no means a second the place I used to be fearful to confront anybody or be confronted. I knew what I used to be up in opposition to, and I do know what I seem like, I’m beautiful. And folks can’t take that typically, and it’s OK. You don’t have to love it, however you positively need to respect the truth that we’re right here and we’re not going anyplace.

HALL My largest nervousness was ensuring for [my drag daughter] Malika that I obtained it proper for her. She’s like my sister, my household. I began to grow to be protecting of her, and I’d simply like to guarantee that it doesn’t matter what, she felt superb and that she felt like she’ll discover group and discover out extra about herself. 

PRIYANKA The meet-and-greet we did, in the course of a park, the open area. We put an advert within the [Tennessee] paper to point out the group that we now have to come back collectively, understanding how public that was and seeing the Fb feedback that “three well-placed bullets would kill these pedophiles” earlier than we stepped on the market in all pink. You may’t say all the things goes to be OK since you truly don’t know. I mentioned, “Do you suppose somebody has a gun up there?” However to Sasha’s level, by the point the door swung open, it was like, “OK, shoulders again, women.” 

VELOUR I really feel like drag has given us all armor. We don’t react with concern first. However for me, it was actually these moments after we’d stopped filming. I used to be touring with one a part of my drag household from New York, and we’d simply be within the automobile, having heard somebody actually speaking about the place a bullet entered her bed room, or my different drag daughter in Oklahoma speaking about mainly being left for lifeless within the car parking zone exterior her residence constructing. Simply that brutal reminder that this nation just isn’t a secure place for queer and trans folks. We could possibly be killed in our properties. Once we step out of the host position and grow to be folks once more, within the automobile, on the drive dwelling, you’re like, “Wow, this can be a lot,” and it makes you mirror in another way on this nation and the way far we nonetheless have to come back. 

Is there something you hope folks take away from the present particularly?

PRIYANKA That it’s OK to ask the mistaken questions. It’s OK to really feel misinformed typically, as a result of I requested questions that I didn’t know the solutions to; I used to be scared to argue with folks. It’s OK to make a mistake.

This story first appeared in a June standalone challenge of The Hollywood Reporter journal. Click on right here to subscribe.

Dave Filoni on How Ahsoka Brought Anakin Back With Hayden Christensen

It was a second Star Wars followers had been ready for: the reunion of Ahsoka Tano (Rosario Dawson) and her former grasp, Anakin Skywalker (Hayden Christensen). Who higher to direct that episode of Ahsoka than Dave Filoni, who created the title character (alongside George Lucas) for the animated sequence The Clone Wars? For Filoni, who additionally wrote the episode, it was essential to discover a technique to please longtime followers whereas additionally educating new viewers. Bringing Anakin into Ahsoka was a part of that course of.

“I wished to discover a technique to understand a few of these issues that I had accomplished in animation in live-action past the present-day variations of the characters of Ahsoka and Ezra and Sabine, who had been older,” Filoni says of the animated Star Wars characters who had been dropped at life on this sequence. “So in my thoughts, bringing Anakin again was one thing to present context to the character of Ahsoka. In case you had by no means seen The Clone Wars, how do I provide you with that context? And so having her confront her mentor, for the typical particular person tuning in to grasp her mentor was Darth Vader, which is a really huge deal, made a number of narrative sense. However then additionally, in fact, the fan in me is considering, ‘This might be actually cool.’”

A bit of backstory for the uninitiated: A very long time in the past in a galaxy far, distant, Anakin Skywalker, a Jedi Knight, is given an apprentice, Ahsoka Tano, through the Republic’s combat in opposition to the Separatist Alliance, referred to as the Clone Wars. All through the seven-season animated sequence, Ahsoka research underneath Anakin as a Jedi Padawan, will get betrayed, leaves the Jedi Order and finally escapes Order 66, which is the directive given by Emperor Palpatine to kill all Jedi. Ahsoka turns up in one other animated sequence, Rebels, earlier than leaping to live-action first in The Mandalorian after which her personal sequence.

The “Shadow Warrior” episode has been extensively praised by the Star Wars fanbase — a neighborhood identified for being among the franchise’s harshest critics — and featured the live-action re-creations of two battle sequences from The Clone Wars, exhibiting a a lot youthful Ahsoka (performed by Ariana Greenblatt) preventing alongside Anakin earlier than he later turned to the Darkish Facet. The episode additionally gave Christensen and Dawson the chance to have interaction in a lightsaber battle within the World Between Worlds, which was first launched within the animated sequence Rebels — to not point out the primary live-action look of beloved clone Captain Rex.

“On the finish of the day, it’s all from the identical creativeness, it’s all from the identical love of Star Wars and journey,” Filoni notes when requested in regards to the variations between directing for animation and live-action. “In live-action, although, it’s all going to occur proper in entrance of you within the second. You are able to do so much digitally later, however you must be ready to seize that second. And within the animation, [you can control] each pose, posture, blink, expression, every little thing: If I don’t like the best way one thing’s going, I can redo it, I can get there granularly and redraw it. Right here, it’s trusting individuals to grow to be the factor and to create a second, which is a bit completely different.”

Although Filoni and Christensen had lengthy talked about working collectively, Filoni wished Skywalker’s look to be natural and never self-serving. “Possibly I’m simply doing this as a result of I’m going to get pleasure from watching Anakin discuss to Ahsoka with the clones working round,” he says of his considerations. “However I felt there have been sufficient good issues there that I used to be actually digging it and followers would, too.”

On a extra technical stage, the episode featured Ahsoka underwater — a problem given the truth that Dawson is in a head prosthetic — and speaking with a large area while-like creature, known as purrgil, whereas standing on a wing of her spaceship, which is aloft. Filoni additionally was aware of attempting to verify the extra out-there components didn’t take the viewer out of the story.

“All of the technical particulars that this staff had, I had confidence in them that they may overcome something, and all I needed to do was actually be clear with what I used to be describing,” he says. “Promoting the viewers on big area whales — it’s form of difficult, it may be a bit of far on the market, however I wished it to really feel naturalistic and actual and plausible.” To make it appear to be the creature was really floating in entrance of Dawson, the staff arrange 5 “gigantic” followers to create the impact of robust wind and drilled a chunk of wooden behind her foot to maintain her from being “blown again off the stage.”

One other concern was that the episode itself is “a bit summary.” Amongst different components, it additionally options the World Between Worlds, first launched within the animated sequence Rebels as a mystical realm, accessible solely to Pressure customers, that exists between time and area. Filoni labored intently with cinematographer Quyen Tran to stage upfront the scenes that discovered Ahsoka and Skywalker engaged in a lightsaber duel.

“What we’re seeing could be very impressionistic battles — how do you painting that?” he says of their method to re-creating this world. “We did a number of in depth pre-vis on it, similar to I’d the animation. After we obtained there on the day [of filming], we actually knew what we had been attempting to seize. Her lighting within the extra summary battle scenes was going to play a serious position of composition, so the lighting and the tonality of it needed to be clear. And I need to know with a number of certainty that every one of this exterior, environmental affect was going to work. So I might actually on the day give attention to the efficiency and the actors.”

What’s distinctive about Anakin is Christensen originated the character within the prequels, however Filoni fleshed out the a part of his life between Assault of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith to a level that his flip to the Darkish Facet is given extra context and foreshadowed extra considerably. How did Filoni assist Christensen reconcile the live-action and animated variations of the characters?

“What Hayden and I share is, we had been each instructed and taught by George,” Filoni says. “And so the view of Anakin that I’ve relies on my collaboration with George Lucas once I labored on The Clone Wars. I used to be lucky that we had the time to inform the story of Anakin Skywalker and flesh it out in a approach that he actually might be the hero that I imagined as a child within the films. You get a bit of of that [in the prequels], however as a result of he’s descending into the darkish aspect, you don’t get it in a serious approach. For Hayden, he actually favored what we’d accomplished on The Clone Wars, and we’d discuss it. So we actually had a typical body of reference for a way this character might be and to form of open him up.”

Jedi aren’t speculated to type emotional attachments, however Anakin does find yourself growing a bond with Ahsoka, in form of an enormous brotherly form of approach.

“However he can also he let go of attachments, if he sees that Ahsoka is self-sufficient, that she will be able to defend herself,” which is finally the explanation that Anakin reveals up in Ahsoka, to show her that lesson. “There was no query to me that he would simply be the embodiment of this character. He invented it. I took it and did a model in animation however I by no means considered it as completely different. I believed, ‘It’s simply Anakin.’ And so the one factor I needed to give him was the boldness that that was what this was and it’s all the identical.” (Filoni demurs when requested if Christensen will seem in Season 2, which he’s presently within the means of writing.)

For Filoni, one other huge problem lay within the casting of the long-lasting characters, he notes, praising Dawson and Greenblatt for portraying Ahsoka at two very completely different phases of her life, together with the remainder of the Ahsoka forged, who introduced quite a few Rebels character to life.

“The most important problem was discovering the proper individuals,” he says. “You write these scenes, you write these characters and also you go, ‘Gosh, anyone’s obtained to play this.’ I’ve had a fantastic model of those characters in animation. The voice actors are phenomenal and convey such life and dimension to each considered one of them. However [in Ahsoka], it’s going to be a distinct factor and, and somebody has to embody it differently. Will the viewers settle for that? Will they settle for the distinction? Do they should sound like them? Do they should seem like them? What’s the measure of that? Once you, when you’ve got these extremely gifted individuals, there’s a stage of belief and also you let go of issues. It’s a fantastic expertise to get to be there and be part of it and watch it and it, it’s launched out of your palms. It turns into one thing else. It comes alive in methods as a result of all people on set is doing their half to make it come alive, and that’s an exquisite factor.”

Filoni can also be fast to credit score his inventive staff, a lot of whom he’s labored with for 20 years. “I’d not be doing what I’m doing with out them,” he says. “I couldn’t have advised any good tales with out them. It makes me unhappy generally that they’re not all right here with me as a result of they’re such part of it. However you keep in mind these individuals, they’re necessary to your course of, they’re necessary to the tales. You make them part of it. They obtained to return to set and you realize, they get so excited and are so comfortable they usually’re doing nice issues.”

Filoni additionally credit his mentor Lucas for serving to him make the bounce to live-action. “I’m watching this stuff that I had watched since I used to be a child, or I had drawn in animation for years, bounce to life, and I wouldn’t have been doing any of that if it wasn’t for George,” he says. “If George hadn’t impressed me whereas engaged on The Clone Wars to say, you realize, live-action might be one thing that I might do, that I might problem myself and maybe discover that in me, as a result of I wasn’t educated in doing that. If there was any coaching I had, it was with working with him.”

A model of this story first appeared in a June standalone subject of The Hollywood Reporter journal. Click on right here to subscribe.

Lisa Ann Walter on Abbott Elementary, Bradley Cooper Cameo

Lisa Ann Walter has introduced a variety of herself to her portrayal of tough-as-nails Melissa Schemmenti on Abbott Elementary, notably her Sicilian upbringing and the experiences of her trainer mom. This newest season additionally noticed her character get nearer to fellow teacher Jacob Hill, performed by Chris Perfetti, whom Walter has invited over for holidays. 

The latest batch of episodes packed in a variety of plot given the lowered order because of the strikes, and for Schemmenti meaning a deeper exploration of romantic entanglements, together with rejecting a proposal from merchandising machine man Gary (Bruno Amato) and getting it on with a hearth captain (Mike O’Malley). Walter, in the midst of making banana cake, hopped on a Zoom with The Hollywood Reporter to debate accents, Bradley Cooper, and being embraced by Philly. 

Did you’re feeling something new beginning season three, or had you already discovered your rhythm? 

All of us just about had a beat on our characters from the start. It helped that [show creator Quinta Brunson] knew precisely who these individuals have been and communicated that to us. There are issues that we every convey individually to the characters. Personally, for me as Melissa, I’m Sicilian, so I used to be capable of zhuzh a number of the slang. I at all times wished to offer my relations a reputation after they would say, “My cousin blah, blah, blah.” I’m like, “Can or not it’s, like, ‘My cousin Frankie’?” And I saved utilizing names of my precise household. I prefer to say I by no means thought I’d be a film or a tv actress. I assumed, if I used to be fortunate, I’d go work on the Guthrie or the Area Stage. I’d be a member of an incredible repertory firm. And that is like working with the very best repertory firm on the market week after week, episode after episode. We’re bringing all of the authenticity that we’ve delivered to the characters, however now these characters know one another. Once we’re on set, we’re enjoying as these individuals, and I feel it permits for freedom.

We noticed extra of Melissa’s love life this season. She turned down a proposal, then connected with a firefighter. How has that been? 

I get very personally invested as an actor and as a human with the individuals enjoying love pursuits. I obtained to do some actually good work, and, really, I can entry my feelings simply. You need to be nuanced. It was an appearing job. I don’t suppose I’ve ever damaged up with anyone. I’ve ended two marriages. The joke model is the primary one: an excessive amount of in widespread — he additionally favored guys. The second was a cheater, which isn’t technically a faith, however he practiced it prefer it was. However I used to be not the one to say, “Hey, we wish various things.” That was an actual discover for me. I used to be nervous [about Melissa rejecting a proposal]. I used to be like, “Is the viewers going to be OK with that, a lady of my age going, ‘Nah, not you’?” Right here’s what’s humorous: We did the episode the place [Mike O’Malley] reveals up. We did the road [and I flirted back a little bit]. It was like a sparkle eye. It was not more than that. I assumed, “Take a look at me being an actor and arising with these moments.” Quinta is like, “Yeah, you guys are going to get collectively.” I’m like, “No one instructed me forward of time. I actually thought I created that.” Who is aware of? Possibly I did. 

What has it been prefer to play Melissa’s friendship with Jacob this season?

One of many nice issues about Abbott is that we’ve all watched sitcoms the place we perceive the dynamic. They’re those which can be much less nuanced. If we had simply stayed who we’re with the Melissa-and-Jacob dynamic the place she was simply, “You’re not going to be right here lengthy, child. You’ve obtained nice concepts. Why don’t you shut up?”, it will’ve been stagnant. There wouldn’t have been wherever to go together with it, and we already know what’s going to occur. May they write humorous strains round it? Completely. That’s what our writers do. They’re humorous. They write stuff that makes individuals snicker, however it wouldn’t be the dynamic, genuine present that it’s, the place individuals evolve and alter and also you study them. In actual life, I like Chris Perfetti. He comes over to my home to prepare for the awards reveals. I get an enormous platter of Hank’s Bagels and force-feed him. He’s come over for various holidays and had Sunday dinner with us. He’s away from household, and till he obtained extra dialed in to residing in L.A., I felt very protecting of him as a fellow East Coaster making the large transfer out right here. I really like that our dynamic is that we all know extra about one another, and we’re in on one another’s enterprise somewhat bit extra. It’s definitely completely different for Melissa, as a result of one of many issues I actually attempt to keep the reality about her character is a Sicilian’s pure reticence to let anyone however household know something about them.

Nobody else on the present is basically doing a Philly accent. How did you develop yours?

I’ve been obsessive about accents since I used to be in faculty. I’d’ve been a dialectician if I wasn’t an actor. It’s very easy for a personality written like Melissa to go proper into Brooklyn as a result of that’s my different go-to. Philly is restricted. For me, it was actually vital out of respect for the Philly group, and South Philly specifically, to honor that, to be accepted by these individuals. I wasn’t prissy about it. I’m like, “Yeah, if I’m doing one thing improper, inform me,” however I studied. I watched phonetics research. I watched dialecticians. I watched Bradley Cooper interviews the place they might ask him to do the accent.

What was it like when Bradley got here to set for his cameo? 

It was loopy good. I cherished it. I noticed his Philly accent come out after we have been doing the scene. Once I wasn’t busy being hypnotized by these eyes, I used to be choosing up the little accent that was growing. I instructed him that I discovered loads watching his movies. He stated when he goes dwelling, it occurs. To me, it’s extremely complimentary that Philly has embraced me the way in which they’ve. Final summer season, once I went out and did my stand-up, we bought out each present. All over the place I went, individuals hugged me. Each­the place I went, individuals have been providing me meals. They instructed me after they got here to the present, “We didn’t need to such as you as a result of you weren’t from Philly, however now we love you and thanks for the work you do to embrace the group.” I’m like, “Yeah. I really like the Eagles now, and I grew up in D.C.”

Chris Perfetti’s Jacob and Lisa Ann Walter’s Melissa in Abbott Elementary.

Gilles Mingasson/Disney

What has your expertise been with the actor children in your class?

My mother was a public faculty trainer in D.C. I feel having 4 children myself, I took a variety of her traits in simply educating every time and wherever. She didn’t must be within the classroom to show. Once I’m on set, the youngsters are doing a worksheet and so they’re asking me questions. Wrangling them after they have their little fights — which, by the way in which, is hilarious. Final yr after we went on the sphere journey, there was one child who introduced one other little woman a bouquet of flowers as a result of they have been all of 8 years outdated, however he cherished her. Then the women began getting collectively and gossiping. I needed to cease the gossip mill as a result of they have been attempting to speak her into not liking him. It was like a complete Actual Housewives episode. Then they obtained over it by the subsequent day. I’m refereeing journeys to the lavatory. I’m a trainer in entrance of them, and it’s great. 

This story first appeared in a June standalone challenge of The Hollywood Reporter journal. Click on right here to subscribe.

Nominee Contender Shows by Streamer

Prime Video

The corporate that has picked up comedy sequence wins for The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel and Fleabag now has its hopes using on a bunch of rookies, from Mr. and Mrs. Smith and I’m a Virgo to the reveals featured right here.

DRAMA Fallout

COMEDY Gen V

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY Expats

Apple TV+

With two-time comedy sequence winner Ted Lasso out of the image, its greatest bets are a trio of high-priced, shiny and female-star-driven automobiles (Aniston and Witherspoon! Wiig! Larson!) — in addition to considerably critically divisive tasks like The New Look.

DRAMA The Morning Present

COMEDY Palm Royale

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY Classes in Chemistry

Disney+

The streamer has landed three drama sequence and two restricted sequence noms, all for reveals impressed by Star Wars or Marvel properties. Nevertheless it has but to snag a sequence win, and given its present slate of contenders, that’s unlikely to vary this yr.

DRAMA Loki

COMEDY Renegade Nell

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY Echo

HBO/Max

The perennial powerhouse not has such sequence behemoths as Veep, Recreation of Thrones and Succession however stays a formidable contender in each class — not least restricted sequence, which it has received in 5 of the previous 10 years.

DRAMA The Gilded Age

COMEDY Hacks

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY True Detective: Evening Nation

Hulu

DRAMA No titles

COMEDY Solely Murders within the Constructing

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY We Have been the Fortunate Ones

Netflix

The face of streaming has received sequence awards 3 times: greatest drama for The Crown and greatest restricted for The Queen’s Gambit and Beef. This yr, The Crown might repeat, whereas Ripley and Child Reindeer are frontrunners for restricted.

DRAMA The Crown

COMEDY The Gents

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY Ripley

Paramount+

The previous CBS All Entry has but to land a lot as a nom for a sequence award, and its staff can be thrilled to beat that hurdle this yr, as might occur with the restricted sequence Lawmen: Bass Reeves.

DRAMA Star Trek: Discovery

COMEDY Frasier

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY Lawmen: Bass Reeves

Peacock

The younger NBCUniversal service has been preventing for subscribers however managed to win its first Emmys (comedy visitor actress and actuality casting) final yr. Realistically, it’s not but a viable contender for a sequence nom.

DRAMA No titles

COMEDY Based mostly on a True Story

LIMITED/ANTHOLOGY The Tattooist of Auschwitz

This story first appeared within the Could 22 concern of The Hollywood Reporter journal. Click on right here to subscribe.