China’s Tianwen 1 Mars orbiter has imaged the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS during its close pass by the Red Planet, aiding global efforts to study the rare interstellar interloper.
3I/ATLAS is only the third object ever confirmed to have reached our solar system after originating in another planetary system, following ‘Oumuamua in 2017 and 2I/Borisov in 2019. This time, space agencies around the world have been looking at any and all ways to study the invading comet, including repurposing spacecraft spread across the solar system.
Tianwen 1 used its High-Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) — somewhat comparable to HiRISE on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), but slightly lower resolution — to capture the comet moving against a stellar backdrop. The operation posed challenges, notably switching from imaging bright planetary surface features from low Mars orbit to tracking, from 18 million miles (28.96 million kilometers) away, a faint comet that’s moving at 129,800 mph (58 km per second) and is just 3.5 miles (5.6 km) wide.
“Data acquired by a high-resolution camera was received, processed and displayed by a ground-based application system,” according to CNSA’s Nov. 5 statement. “The images clearly show the comet’s distinctive features, consisting of a nucleus and a surrounding coma, with a diameter reaching several thousand kilometers.”
CNSA says the comet imaging project was an important extension mission for Tianwen 1, stating that the ability to observe faint celestial bodies provided a chance to perform useful technical tests and accumulate experience for the second mission in China’s deep-space exploration series, Tianwen 2, which launched in May and is on its way to sample a near-Earth asteroid.
Tianwen 1 is China’s first planetary exploration mission. It launched in July 2020 and entered Mars orbit in February 2021. The mission’s Zhurong rover successfully landed in Mars’ Utopia Planitia region in May 2021 and operated on the surface for around one Earth year.